Paste your numbers to get the mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance and quartiles at once.
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What this statistics calculator returns
Paste one list of numbers into this statistics calculator and you get 26 descriptive statistics, also called summary statistics, in a single run: count, sum, mean, median, mode, minimum, maximum, range, midrange, Q1, Q3, interquartile range (IQR), outlier fences and outliers, sum of squares, sample and population variance and standard deviation, standard error, coefficient of variation, mean absolute deviation, root mean square, skewness and excess kurtosis. Below the table you also get a frequency table, your data in sorted order and short working for the main results.
Together these cover the three things a statistics class asks about a data set: its center (mean, median, mode and midrange), its spread or variability (range, IQR, variance, standard deviation and mean absolute deviation) and its shape (skewness and kurtosis). Five of the results, the minimum, Q1, median, Q3 and maximum, make up the five-number summary used to draw a box plot.
Entering your data
- Separators: commas, spaces, tabs and line breaks all work, even mixed in one list.
- From a spreadsheet: copy a column or row in Excel or Google Sheets and paste it straight in.
- Decimals and negatives: use a point for decimals (2.5) and a minus sign for negatives (−7.25).
- Text and symbols: entries that are not numbers, such as “abc” or “$5”, are skipped and named in a note, so you can see exactly what was left out. Empty gaps, such as two commas in a row, are ignored.
- Size: up to 10,000 values. Choose 0 to 10 decimal places for the answers.
Worked example: seven quiz scores
Scores: 40, 42, 47, 53, 54, 59, 65. Press Example in the calculator to load them. The sections below use these scores for every formula.
| Result | Value |
|---|---|
| Count (n) and sum | 7 and 360 |
| Mean | 51.4286 |
| Median | 53 |
| Mode | None (no score repeats) |
| Range and midrange | 25 and 52.5 |
| Q1, Q3 and IQR (inclusive) | 44.5, 56.5 and 12 |
| Sample variance (s²) and SD (s) | 81.619 and 9.0343 |
| Population variance (σ²) and SD (σ) | 69.9592 and 8.3642 |
| Standard error | 3.4147 |
| Outliers (1.5 × IQR rule) | None |
What each result tells you
Count and sum
The count (n) is how many values were read, and the sum (Σx) is their total. Check n first: if it is lower than expected, some entries were skipped as text. Here n = 7 and Σx = 360.
Mean
The mean, or average, is the sum divided by the count: x̄ = Σx / n = 360 / 7 = 51.4286. Every value affects it, so a single extreme value can move it a lot. Adding a score of 150 to the example lifts the mean to 63.75, while the median only moves from 53 to 53.5.
Median
The median is the middle value once the data is sorted. With an odd n it is the value at position (n + 1) / 2; with an even n it is the average of the two middle values. For the seven scores it is the 4th value, 53. Report it instead of the mean when the data has extreme values or a long tail, as with incomes or house prices.
Mode
The mode is the value that occurs most often. A list can have one mode, several tied modes, or none when every value appears once, as in the quiz scores. Data with two tied modes is called bimodal, and with more than two, multimodal. The calculator shows every tied mode and how many times it appears.
Minimum, maximum, range and midrange
The range is the maximum minus the minimum: 65 − 40 = 25. The midrange is the point halfway between them: (40 + 65) / 2 = 52.5. Both use only the two end values, so one typing mistake at either end changes them completely. Check them first to catch entry errors.
Variance and sum of squares
The sum of squares adds up each value’s squared distance from the mean: SS = Σ(x − x̄)² = 489.7143. Variance divides it by n − 1 for a sample, which is called Bessel’s correction (s² = 489.7143 / 6 = 81.619) or by n for a whole population (σ² = 489.7143 / 7 = 69.9592). Variance is in squared units, such as points², which is why the standard deviation is usually reported instead.
Standard deviation: sample or population
The standard deviation is the square root of the variance, back in the original units: s = √81.619 = 9.0343 and σ = √69.9592 = 8.3642. Use s when your data is a sample from a larger group, which covers most homework and research. Use σ only when you have every member of the group, such as all 7 students in a class you are describing and nothing more. Using σ on a sample makes the spread look smaller than it is.
Standard error and coefficient of variation
The standard error, SE = s / √n = 9.0343 / √7 = 3.4147, shows how precisely the sample mean estimates the population mean; it shrinks as n grows. The coefficient of variation, CV = s / |x̄| × 100% = 17.5667%, gives spread relative to the mean, so you can compare data sets measured in different units or at different scales.
Quartiles, IQR and outliers
Q1 and Q3 cut off the lowest and highest quarter of the sorted data, and IQR = Q3 − Q1 is the spread of the middle half. Values below Q1 − 1.5 × IQR or above Q3 + 1.5 × IQR are flagged as possible outliers. For the scores the fences are 26.5 and 74.5, so no score is flagged.
Quartiles depend on the method. Inclusive (the default) matches Excel QUARTILE.INC, Google Sheets and R: Q1 = 44.5, Q3 = 56.5. Exclusive matches Excel QUARTILE.EXC. Halves takes the median of each half without the overall median, as TI-83 and TI-84 calculators do: Q1 = 42, Q3 = 59.
Skewness, kurtosis and other measures
Skewness shows whether the data leans to one side: positive means a longer tail of high values, negative a longer tail of low values. Excess kurtosis compares the weight of the tails with a normal distribution, which scores 0. Both match Excel’s SKEW and KURT. For the quiz scores, skewness is 0.1699 (close to symmetric) and excess kurtosis is −1.0142 (lighter tails than normal). The calculator also gives the mean absolute deviation, Σ|x − x̄| / n = 7.2245, and the root mean square, √(Σx² / n) = 52.1043.
How the results are checked
- Automatic tests compare every result with Python’s NumPy and SciPy libraries, including edge cases such as one value, identical values, negatives and very large numbers.
- Every result was also compared with R on three test data sets: a typical one, one with tied modes and an outlier, and one with negative numbers and decimals. The mean and standard deviations of the worked example were also checked in Excel.
- Calculations run in your browser. Your numbers are never sent to a server or saved.
Statistics calculator FAQs
What is a statistics calculator?
It is a tool that turns a list of numbers into descriptive statistics, the summary numbers that describe a data set: center (mean, median, mode), spread (range, variance, standard deviation) and position (quartiles). This one returns all of them from a single paste, so you do not need a separate tool for each measure.
Why does my quartile answer differ from my textbook or TI-84?
Your textbook or calculator probably uses a different quartile method. Switch the Quartile method to Halves to match a TI-83 or TI-84, or to Exclusive to match Excel QUARTILE.EXC. Only Q1, Q3, the IQR and the outlier fences change, so a value near a fence can be flagged as an outlier with one method and not another. Every other result stays the same.
Why are there two standard deviations?
The sample standard deviation (s) divides by n − 1 and the population standard deviation (σ) divides by n. The calculator shows both so you can pick the one your task needs. If you are unsure, use s.
Why do some results say “Needs at least 2 values”?
The sample variance, sample standard deviation, standard error and coefficient of variation divide by n − 1, which is zero when you enter a single value. Add at least one more value to see them. Skewness needs at least 3 values and excess kurtosis at least 4, so they show a similar message for very short lists.
Is this statistics calculator free?
Yes. This online stats calculator is free, with no sign-up, no account and no limit on how often you use it. It works in any browser, including on your phone, so there is no app to install.
Easy Stat Calc · Results checked against Python (NumPy and SciPy) and R · Last updated October 22, 2026 · Methodology